Low temperature distillation apparatus



May 9, 1933. F, PUEN|NG 1,908,538

LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 7 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOJ'?. fanz pue/707g BY%MQ T J ATTO.I l

May 9, 1933. PUENlNG 1,908,538

LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 MyW/Mn?? May 9, 1933. F. PUENING LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 7 Sheets-Shes?l 3 HHHHHJIHIH IN VENTOI?. /C/a/fz pue/W79" BY w y T, l

A TTO EY May 9, 1933. F. PUENING LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 '7 Sheets-Sheet 4 May 9, 1933. F. PUENING f 1,908,538

LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 w e@ INVENTOR.

ATTOR EY.

May 9, 1933. F. PUENING 19908538 LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORH/ May 9, 1933.. F. PUENING L9087538 LOW TEMPERATURE DISTILLATION APPARATUS Filed May 22, 1928 '7 sheets-sheet 7 Patented May 9, 1933 Parent oifrrcr!-'k FRANZ BUEN-ING, or OHARA. TOWNSHIP, ALLEGHENY COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA now.k TnivrP-nimxrtrRnv nsTrLLATIoN'ArPAnA'rUs Ap'pncation filed may. 22,

" which heat is transmitted to the material beingitreated.

A further object of my invention is to pro# videcokingapparatusin which great quantities of coal or the like can-be carbonizediatl low `temperat-ures-fwith a minimum of invest*- ment cost, labor and maintenance charges.

. A further object ofmyinvention is to .provide improvedlv apparatus for low-tempera ture coking that operates contiiuiouslyv ina steady, advance in acircular. pathv without theA necessity of` stopping and 2*spotting the charging and discharging devices for individual retorts. r Y Y dlt is a further'objectfofy this invention to provide an apparatus inrwhich coal is-coked inv narrow spaces of considerable height whereby dense and strong. coke'is producedf Itis another importa-nt object of this invention tobuild'cokingi` apparatus in which i the peculiar behavior of metals at. coking temperatures is taken intoV consideration whereby the heating walls r`of the coking chambers will remain in alinement regardless` of the tendency of the metals to iow slowly at: elevated v temperatures. n

It is afurther objectto .provide apparatus of such type. thatf its coking chambers .can be easily and completely emptied. of. coke, and in which also .carbon deposits are automaticallyremoved'from the-gas-spaces abovethe coke. f a.

Y `:[t-has become commonknowledgethat in the low-temperature coking .of f coal and f the like, the best coke and'thei highest eliciencyl of thecokingcapparatus are obtained when 1928i: serial 110.279,?25;

thecoalis coked in narrowV chambers yor cre-1 torts of considerable height. Oblong retorts have beenusedlheretoforel with a width of from 3 to 6 or 8 inches. Also cylindrical re; tortso-from lftol9 inchesin diameterv have 55 frequentlybeen used. Retorts-of such diametersv or widths vhave lonly asmall volumetric capacity for coal, Vand as a result great numbersof 'these retorts were required-resulting in heavy charges for investment and for labor in the many operations of charging andl i discharging the retorts.

In order to improve these conditions, it has been proposed in several instances to arrange the small-retorts in a circular path, so that the movementofthe charging anddischargingdevices might be simplified and the labor connected therewith be'reduce'd. However, such arrangement still necessitates the accurate registering of the charging and vdis-v 704 chargingdevices over the small retorts `and, these machines -must, therefore, advance -in small steps, .a performance which requires much personal attention and,` supervision. n

It'- has been proposed-to. use appara'tusjin 75 which coal is deposited continuously upon horizontal annular ledges ,or trays and coke iszremoved continuously. However, thelayer ofcoke on the horizontal trays is shallow and asazresult'thecoke is lfragile and-spongy and 80'. useful mainly for pulverization. A

vIf dense and strong coke is to be produced for industrial or domesticpurposes, the coal must be coked'jwhile it is pressed .or wedged inbetween heated surfaces. VAny means for exerting pressure upon the coal would have to be applied during the entire coking period until formation of coke has taken place, and such means would be an undesirable complicationsandthe maintenance ofywhich would k be expensive. v y y Another objectiontohorizontal Vtrays or ledges is the fact that theirhorizontal,extension or Width must necessarily be small vb'ecause of the behavior of the metal, of. which these projectingtrays are usually made. l Hot metals at elevated temperatures kbehave like Very -viscous liquids in that they actually flow.

Itis quite Well known, for instance, that the annealing temperaturesiof iron and most '100 of its alloys lie from 1:20()o F. upward. This means that relaxation of internal stresses takes place at these temperatures; therefore, when horizontal trays are projected outwardly from a vertical cylinder to a useful extent or width, bending stresses are set up, which at the elevated temperatures are suiiicient'to cause a gradual flow of the molecules in the iron, with the result that the trays sag downwardly. These distortions soon begin to interfere with the proper operation of the carbonizing machine and finally stop it. In order to somewhat overcome this drawback, horizontal trays must not be made wide and this condition for a given carbonizing capacity necessitates a greater number of trays with a corresponding increase inthe number and expense of coal charging and coke-removing devices. f

The older machines with horizontal trays or containers for coal are less advantageous also for the reason that it is more difficult to remove all coke from the horizontal surfaces. It is quite necessary that all larger pieces of coke and even the line coke dust should be removed from the coking surfaces by scraping or brushing for the reasons that otherwise heat transmission is restricted and the quality of thecoke is lowered. However, scrapers cannot contact with the coking surfaces at every point due to variations of heat eXpansion, and especially because some of the horizontal surfaces usually become warped and some others have begun to sag and as a result some of the coke remains on the horizontal surfaces to interfere with good operation upon the next following carbonizing cycle when new coal is again placed upon these' y heating surfaces.

In the apparatus embodying my invention,

vices are avoided. The coal or other carbonaceous material is coked between'a series of concentric circular walls that are internally heated and are spaced to provide annular concentric coking spaces. These walls are stationary as are the furnace for supplying heated gases to the walls and certain housings for enclosing the apparatus. y

The heating walls are vertical and are composed of numerous individual elements, each suspended from its top and hangingvertically, thus eliminating the possibility Vof the development of bending stresses. All individual elements are suspended vfrom a framework of pipes thatis artificially cooledand insulated and therefore not subject to the distortions caused by elevated temperatures to which the individual heating elements will be raised.

The shape of the annular eoking spaces is therefore secure against disturbance, and since the stresses in the individual heating elements are only slight tension stresses caused bythe weight of the element, the

structure is much superior in permanency and reliability to apparatus of the prior art.

The revolving parts of the apparatus comprise the lower portion of an inner circular housing that is connected to stationary parts by water seals. The coal-handling mechanism is mounted to revolve with this inner housing. Suitable coke-pushing and scrapingV devices travel around the walls at such speed as to make one revolution during a complete cycle of operation of the apparatus.

The coke is continuously removed from the circular spaces between the stationary walls by means of the traveling pushers and Scrapers. I The coking spaces are progressively illed by suitable coal-throwing mechanisms which follow the coke-removing devices at a relatively short distance. The entire mechanism is continuously operative with the exception of the segment of the stationary walls between the moving coke-removal apparatus and the filling apparatus. The stationary hanging walls are, in general, composed of a series of castings, each having two ports that communicate, respectively, with chambers for heating gases, one of which is under pressure and the other of which is under suction whereby a circulation of hot gases through the heating walls is insured.

The quality of the coke is greatly superior to that made upon horizontal or inclined surfaces upon which coal is placed in a shallow layer. v'

The vertical suspension of the heating elements also guarantees' continued vertical alinement of the elements because internal stresses, remaining in the castings from the foundry or other influences which might tend to warp'lthe elements, will gradually disappear due to the action of the annealing temperature to which the castings are exposed, andthe fact that they are suspended vertically. Castings that are even slightly bent in the beginning will therefore become straight in this apparatus and the only effect which the gradual flow of the metal at the high temperatures can have is the gradual' lengthening of the elements, which change, however, is notl serious because of the arrangement of other details of this new 'machine.

The details of my invention will be described in connection with the accompanying drawings in which similar numerals designate corresponding parts.

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view taken on line IK-I of Fig. 2 of distillation apparatus ,embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken partially on line II-*II of Fig. l, partially on lines B-B, Ci-C, D-D'and E-E of Fig. 9, and partially on line F-F of Fig. 6;

escasas;

on line VIL-VII. of Fig;l 8` of:- a portion of#` the door.-controlling:` mechanism;

Fig. 8 iis a. verticalsectional:'viewrtakenion: line VIII-#VH1 ofxEig. 3;

l Fig; 9 isan enlarged' seetionalview of a1 portonof theapparatusoffFig. 1F;

Fig. 10 is a horizontalsectional Viewftakenv onlinewXeX of; Fig.l 9.;v

Fig. llwis a:vertica1. sectional View taken on line 4XITXI oflFig;` 2; and i Fig; 12 is a,vertical'sectionallview; taken? on line XH-XHiotF-ig. 9,- Y .I l Low-temperature coking apparatus -1 con structed: in accordance with my1 invention; comprises a `plurality7 of? stationary concentric heated hanging Walls2thatf are enclosed' by a-foundation 3; any outer housing-dof're fractory materiah a roofA foffsimilar material,Y andi aninner housing 6 2 consisting off an upperwstatona-ry portion-7 and alower rotatableportion 8; The-rotatable portimy 8of:the innerY housing 6 is conneetedby Wlater seals 9y and10-to thestationary-portion- 7? and to the y foundation A central rotatable framework 12; to which is vsecuredthe rotatable portion 8-Vv onthe I innerhousing 6,- supports a coal-liandlingmechanism13 for supplying coal orother-materials to be treated to the-coking spacesbetween the-hangingwalls 2.- Theframework 12 also -carried with it f coke: pushers 14' correspondinginnurnberV to the circular-coli'- ing spaces 15 and suitable Scrapers 16 fr' removing.l carbondeposits from the upper portions ofthe coking chambers.

Each of the circular cokingwalls 2 con'- sists of a comparatively llarge number offrelf atively-,na-rrow castings 17 that are supported at their tops byradially extending beams 18,l that are Watenc'ooled andare heat-insulated from thecastings 17 The details of-the connection offthe castings 17to the bea-ms18are best shownin Fig. 12; The beams `18 `are secured 3atitheir inner ends to a 4circular header 19-:and their: outer ends are ysupportedon fan' annular? channel y20. yThe outer endV of eachofthe beams 181v isqconnected by a pipe `21to a; second circular. header v22 fwhereby- Water. maybe circulated ,-through'the beams..- s

Each of thehollowcastilrgs V17. is provided with an inlet` portf 24and an outlet` porty 25 for.V the circulation of hea-ted gasestherethrough, .a 4vertical `flanged ,pipe 26 constitut-2 ing an extensionrofV the inlet 24. The finletf ports 24;Y and; the outlet?Y ports 25; aref respecfV tively connectedto isuperposed i annular. heat-` ing gas chambers 27 and 28, located above the coking-Walls.- These circular. ch'ambersiare connectedt to a. furnaceVL or-heating planty (noty shown) through. ducts 29x and 30.. Asbest, shownxin Figli); theelangedspipes{26.eXtends upwardly :through the lower: chamber 28y to support fthe:v Hoon .off thefchamber.:27l andi the outletr ports 25 are fdirectly, connected; to the..v roofgfchamber28. The roof-on upperv hori.- zontal wall of thechamber 27Lissupported by.l posts 30a; which rest` on lthefloor; ofl .that chamber..

The .cokingrwalls 2' may beyof anydesiredV numbenzten being shownby Way. of example..V The castings are sliglitly=-taperedtwherebylthof annular coking. chambers! 15; between .the Walls arewslightlyywider atrthe bottomthan Vatftbe top Ainonder that cokemay be-more easilyre-Y movedstherefrom; v

Talle bottom openngsiof the coliing` chambersyl are normally. closed i by hinged. doors: SLtlra-t arehinged atf82. (Figs. 8 and;9.); andi; are normally heldiingclosedi position by, elongate counterweights 3.3 thatxare-.p-ifotally.sef cured to the outer ends of the doors;

Therjoints bet-Weenthe doors 31 are covered byrrelatively narrow hinged doors 34 eac-h ofi whichA is retainedt in closed position When. either.l ofv the: coacting doors 31y is in. closed; position. TheA several? doors 34 openwhen both off-the coactinlgdoors 31;. are vopen.`

The@ Vertical,v positions of the counter.-- Wefights and; accordingly,l the positions'of' thedors 31: are. controlled `by arampI 35 that; issecuredto the rotatableframework 12 and which operates to raise and -lower thecounterf` .Weights 33pto openand-'closethe correspond'- ingdoors. The ramp fis'providedlwith' a track. that'co-.operates .with rollers 37-.on the. bottom of: each off `the counterweights .733.; As bestfsliown in Fig. 3; each off the counter-` Weights 33s vis-pivotally` connected to the-outer housing-4'sbya tie rod 38 nzorder to prevent: swinging. movement-:of the counterweights. from 4theirproper. uprightzposition,

The rrotatable.v framework. 12. is provided with `a centrallmib L40 rthatf is zj ournalled Ion as stationary. posty 41, The framework 12l andits associated mechanismsan-d vparts-are driV- en. byfa motor 42;that is mounted thereonA and .Whichfis connected f by` means -of a .chainand-sprocket mechanism 43V to -fa circular stationary raclr'. 441 thatismounted fonthe foundation Theframework 12 is provided with WheelsAthat operatefon `a stationaryv circularrtraclrlf supported by thefoundation 3l A circular-rack 47'thatr is secured to the lower portion off the framework l2 is connected lto Itwo, oppositelyV disposed pinions 481 thataae connected to gear mechanisms 49 and: a; circula-r` rack. 50. fordriving: an annular: wkefpanglztlratzis locatedibeneathk the coking. wgaills@ The gear;` mechanism :is so arranged as to drive the coke pans at arate of speed materially higher than that ofthe framework 12.

The coal-handling mechanism that is mounted upon the framework 12'and rotatable therewith comprises a hopper 53 that is adapted to be supplied from any suitable bin different portions ofthe cycle of the crank;

shaft. Inasmuch as more coal is required .for the outer coking chambers than for the inner. ones, by reason of their differences in length, the cross-sections ofthe openings 61 .between the pipes58 and the hopper 56 are progressively larger for the several coking positions chambers in accordance with their from the inner one.

The coal-feeding mechanism 57 supplies the coal through the pipes; 58 to a charging mechanism comprising a radially-extending shaft 63 having a series of star wheels 64 that correspond in number andspacing to the several coking chambers 15. wheels 64 are operated athigh speed and throw the coal upwardly along an inclined floor 65 into the corresponding coking chambers 15. Y In order to be certain that the coking chamber 15 will be completely filled, a surplus of coal is provided and such surplus fallsinto a'housing 66 of a screw conveyor 67 by means of which it is conveyed'to an elevator 68. The elevator 68 returns the surplus coal -to the rectangular hopper 56.

It may be assumed that the heating plant is supplying properly heated gases through the ducts 28 and 29 to the corresponding superposed heating chambers 26 and27 and that the chamber 26 is under pressurev while gases are exhausted from the chamber 27 in order to insurea circulation of gases through the several hollow castings 17 of the coking walls 2. The direction of the gases through the` castings17 is vertical since they are each provided with a vertical partition 69. It may be assumed further that the framework 12 with its associated parts is being rotated by its driving motor 42 and coalis continuously supplied from the hopper 53 through the chute 55 to the feeding mechanism 57 .The star wheels 64 of the coal-throwing mechanism operate to ill the coking chambers 15 progressively as the framework12` rotates. Theramp 35, which as best shownV in Fig. 7, operates to lift certain of the counterweights 33 and to open the correspondingis mounted- Y the varying gap between the last door 31 that These star that is placed in the coking chambers 15.

However, in order to retain the coal in the coking chambers during the interval between the passing of the throwing mechanism and the closing of the door, which latter cannot be completed until the throwing mechanism has passed, a false door 7l that is carried by the coal-throwing mechanism bridges has been closed and the ,coal-throwing mechanism. 'The last door toclose and the false door 69 may overlap temporarily but each door 31 will close completely when the' false door 71 is withdrawn beyond the area of the corresponding door 31. Y

Since the coal-throwing mechanism operates .at high speed, it is necessary to provide means for preventing the coal from being thrown beyond the upper level .of the coking chamber and accordingly each ofthe coking chambers 15 is provided with a curved coal guard 72 which regulates the upper height of the body of coal. rlhe coal guards 72, which are y carried by the coal-throwing mechanism, are water-cooled by means of pipes 73 that communicate with headers 74 which also a-re carried by the coal-throwing mechanism The operation offilling the coking chambers will continue as described, the rotation of the framework v12 being regulated to make onerevolution during the time that is required to eect low-temperature `distill'ation of the-coal. Y. Y

When the first revolution of the apparatus isA nearly completed, the coke that has been previously formed is removed by the coke pushers 14, the doors 31 and 34 corresponding to the position ofithe coke pushers having been opened progressively by the ramp 35, as indicated in Fig. 7. The Scrapers 16, which are pivotally mounted, and providedL with a counterweight 75, operate to remove any carbon deposits from the upper surfaces of the coking chambers 15.

. The process of removingcoke and filling the cokingchambers 15 proceeds simultaneously, the coal-throwing mechanism following the coke-discharge mechanism at a relatively short interval, as is indicated in Fig. 6.

The coke that is dischargedfrom the bottomsl of the several coking chambers 15 falls into the rotating coke pan 51 from which it is removed through a .discharge chute 76 and, after being suitaby quenched in the usual manner, it is discharged by a star wheel 77 upon a carrier belt 78. By reason of the high speed of the rotating coke pan 51, the depth of the coke therein is relatively lo The gases of distillates evolvedV during the low-temperature distilling process described above pass radially through the openings between the inlets land outlets of the several ineoses castings r17 to the spaces fbetwe'en'the :inner Wall lQand'the stationary portion 7 ofthe inner Ihousing and are Withdrawn through pipes 79 to any suitable storage means.

The alinement of the Acastings f1? ofthe heating walls 2 ;is `maintained during the charging-operation by means oftapered spacing blocks'80 which are mounted on the false door or plate 7l and rtha-tmovebetween the. bottomzportionsof the castingssubstantially on :thezprogressingline ofthe angle ofiepose ofthe coal,.as is showntin 8.

The apparatus operates continuously .inthe manner previously described to supply coal tofbe carbonized at suchrateas to completely fillftheannular coling chambers. The surplus coal Vsupplied to the .'feedingmechanism prevents'the escape of distillates through the chute sineethe pipesv 58 are subjected to the Huid .pressure inside'the housings.

The coke will lbe of good'quality because it isproduced'by stationary coking chambers and isznot'movedv duringl the coking operation. The small angle between 'the coke pushers and Ythe lling mechanism insures that the apparatus is always operating at substantially maximum capacity. The coking apparatus is easily regulated as to the time of coling sincethecoking period may be varied by simply changingthe speed of the driving motor.

The heatingplant,being separate from the cokingzapparatu-s,maybe regulated to maintain ithe `heating walls at the desired temperatures which wvill vary somewhatwith the nature and properties of thecoal or other carbonaceous material to be'treated.

Thecastingswill tendto retain'their vertical ralinement and Sto remain in horizontal alinement with each other since they are Vsuspended at their tops-and -areheatedto a substantially constant uniform Ltemperature. Their `Weig'fhts lwillftend toprevent ltheir War-pf ing while heated. Such warping as lmay occur :will .be f comparatively slight because of 'the relatively small zwidth of the castings.

The: arrangementlwherebythezcoking chambers are Elilled Afrom :the fbottom :ena-bles fthe connections between ithe castings vand the heating gas chambers :to .he A.placed -at .the :top .of-theapparatus where .they-will not interfere with ythe removalof the coke from `the 'bottoms of the .coli-ingc-hambers. lf the coal avere fed intothetopsof thecokingchambers, as by gravity, difficulties in -construction would ybe encountered lin providing Asuitable connections for the movable parts through the top ofthe housing. y

VThe apparatus of my invention may be operated economically since inexpensive fuel `of ianyY desired kind'may .be'used in the separate heating plant to produce hot gases of combustion for heating thecastin'gs of the heating walls. 4

The operationof the plant is :accomplished nwith minimum 'labor and supervision since power-operated mechanisms perform substanti ally all ofr the functions ofy charging andi d-is- Vcharging the apparatus.

YThe easezand;simplicity-with'rwhich;theseveral operating conditions 4may :be :regulated area lso! distinctive :features of theiapparatusf. The foregoing and :other `:advantages will )be apparentto those skilled @in ithe art. .My :invention isinot to belimitedf exceptas expressed in thecljaims. g AI claimaas Tmy invention lCoking apparatus :comprising :a lplurality lof concentric spacedy ilneating walls, f each of said Wall-s comprising Vverticallyextending elements suspended from the -top portions gthereof. Y

2. Coking' apparatus comprisinga plurallity of concentric s pacediheating Walls, eacht of said Walls consisting-of verticallyfextending f85 chambersthrough said :bottomfopeningsgsad means comprising an :impelling device 'below and in 'alinementwvvithleach ofsaid coliin'g chambers..

5. Gokingapparatus'comprisinga plurality 7110 of stationaryaannular concentriccoking chambers having heating walls .and movable Vleottom closures, and means for successively opening and closing saidclosuresand -forsupply- -ing.material to be carbonizedthrough the bot toms ofsaid coking chambers while saidclosuresare open.

.6. Coking apparatus comprising a-fpluraLY ity of stationary,annularconcentric cking chambershaving heating walls, means 'f oi' supplying material Vtobe carbonized to said coking chambers, said means comprisingan impelling device below and in alinement with each of said choking-chambers for actuating said material upwardly into said 'chambersto f a predetermined height, 'and bottom closures for saidcoking chambers for retaining said material therein.

7 Coking apparatus comprising aiplurality of concentric annular coking chambers fthe "130 ing '-,materialtobecarbonized to said'coking :i105 i axis of which is vertical, sai-d chambers being of substantially uniform vertical cross-sectional area and having heating walls therebetween whereby said coking chambers are of unequal length and impelling devices of unequal capacities and mounted for movement in concentric annular paths for supplying material to be carbonized to all of said chambers simultaneously and at rates proportional to the lengths of the respective chambers.

8. Coking apparatus comprising a plurality of stationary endless continuous annular and concentriccoking chambers, the axis of which vis substantially vertical, and heating chambers therefor alternating therewith, swinging bottom closures constituting complete` closures for said coking chambers, and means for progressively opening said closures to permit the discharge of treated'material from the bottoms of said chambers and the recharging ofsaid chambersand'f'or progressively closing said closures to retain the material being treated.y

'2*9. Coling 'apparatus 'comprising a plurality of endless annular and concentric coking chambers,` the axis of which is substantially verticah'and heating chambers therefor Valternating therewith, swinging bottom closures for. -s'aid c oking chambers, counterweights for controlling said'closures, and a device mounted for continuous movement having inclined portions for progressively actuating said counterweights to open and close the corresponding closures. d 10. Coking apparatus comprising a plural- `ity of stationary endless annularand concentric coling chambers, the axis of which is substantially vertical,:- and heating chambers therefor alternating therewith, charging mechanism for said coking chambers that is adapted to supply material to be treated thereinto from the vbottom thereof, and means for'collecting the surplus of material over that retained in said coking chambers Awhen supplied thereinto by said charging mechavnism'and that may discharge therefrom by anism and a bar in each of said chambers and mounted for movement with said mechanism for limiting the height of the charges in said chambers for providing a gas space for passage of distillate gases.

-e 12. .Coliing apparatuscomprising stationary andmovable portions, the stationary portion comprising annular continuousheating walls spaced to provide coking chambers therebetween and being provided with radially extending openings at an upper portion a charge in each chamber, and means for re'- moving the treated material from said chambers comprising a bar extending into the up `perpart of each of said coking chambers at an angle to the horizontal.

14. Coking apparatus comprising a plurality of endless annular -concentric heating walls spaced to provide annular concentric coking chambers alternating therewith and a Ydevice mounted for continuous movementin cach of saidchambers for removing deposits from the upper portions of said chambers.`

15. Coking apparatus comprising a plurality of endless annular concentric heating walls, the axisof which is'vertical, spaced to provide endless annular concentric coking chambers therebetween, charging means for said chambers mounted for continuous movement in an annular path coaxial withv said chambers, and spacing members mounted for moving continuously with said charging means and between said walls for maintaining said walls from spreading out of their alinement during the charging of said coking chambers. a 16. Coking apparatus comprising a plurality of endless annular concentric heating walls, the axis of which isv vertical, spaced to Vprovide endless annularv concentric coking chambers therebetween, means mounted for movement in annular concentric paths coaxial with said coking chambers forcontinuously and progressively charging said chambers and discharging material therefrom yand a movable carrier for the `discharged. material adapted to be operable at a speed materially higher than that of the movable means for discharging said material. d 17.Colnng appar-atusv comprising a con tinuous heating wall consisting of a plurality of pendent individualelements,each of said elements being of metal in the form of a hollow block, and a frameworkfrom which said elements are suspended. Y

18.7Coking apparatus comprising ak plurality of concentric walls of pendent ho1- low elements spaced to provide coking chambers therebetween and a framework adapted y to be internally cooled and from which said elements are suspended.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 18th day 0f May, 1928.

FRANZ PUENING. 

